Understand percentages as another form of fractions and decimals, and apply them to profit, loss, taxes, growth, and depreciation.
A percentage increase or decrease is calculated relative to the original value: new value = original × (1 ± percentage/100).
A shirt priced ₹800 gets a 15% discount. Find the new price.
800×(1−0.15) = 800×0.85 = ₹680
A population of 5,000 grows by 8%. Find the new population.
5000×1.08 = 5,400
Profit and loss percentages are calculated relative to cost price. Tax adds a percentage on top of a price, while depreciation reduces an asset's value over time by a percentage each period.
An item bought for ₹500 is sold for ₹575. Find the profit percentage.
Profit=75; profit%=(75/500)×100=15%
A ₹2,000 laptop depreciates by 10% each year. Find its value after 1 year.
2000×0.9 = ₹1,800
1. A ₹1,200 item gets a 20% discount. Find the new price.
2. A population of 8,000 decreases by 5%. Find the new population.
3. An item bought for ₹400 is sold for ₹460. Find the profit percentage.
4. A ₹3,000 machine depreciates by 12% in a year. Find its value after 1 year.
5. A price of ₹250 has 18% tax added. Find the final price.