Chapter 9 · ICSE Class 5 Math

Data Handling

Data becomes easier to understand once it's drawn as a picture. Drag the sliders and watch a bar graph build itself, one bar at a time.

The Bar Graph Machine — Favourite Fruits
AppleMangoBananaGrapesOrange

Try it: make one fruit's bar the tallest — that's the "mode," the most popular choice.

Tally marks showing the number 7, grouped in fives Seven tally marks shown as five vertical lines crossed by a diagonal fifth line, plus two more vertical lines, representing the number seven 5 + 2 = 7
9.1

Collecting data with tally marks

When counting things one by one, we often use tally marks — a quick way to keep count. Each mark is one count, and every 5th mark is drawn across the previous four.

1Reading tally marks

This tally shows how many students chose cricket as their favourite sport:

|||| |||| ||

4 + 4 + 2 = 12 students

9.2

Pictographs

A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data, where each picture stands for a fixed number of items (called the key).

1Reading a pictograph

If the key says 🍎 = 2 books, and a row shows 🍎🍎🍎, how many books does that represent?

3 × 2 = 6 books

9.3

Bar graphs

1Reading bar heights

A bar graph uses the height of bars to show quantity — taller bars mean bigger numbers. Each bar sits on its own category label.

2Finding the difference

If the Mango bar shows 8 and the Grapes bar shows 3, how many more students prefer mangoes?

8 − 3 = 5 more students

9.4

Worked examples

1Total from a bar graph

A bar graph shows: Apples 5, Mangoes 8, Bananas 6, Grapes 3, Oranges 4. Find the total number of students surveyed.

5 + 8 + 6 + 3 + 4 = 26 students

2Finding the most popular

Using the same data, which fruit is the most popular?

Mangoes (8 votes — the tallest bar)

Watch out — Always check the key or scale before reading a graph. If each symbol in a pictograph equals 2 items, don't forget to multiply — counting the pictures alone gives half the real answer.
Practice

Exercises

Tap a question to reveal its answer once you've tried it yourself.

Assess

Sample tests

Two 20-mark, 30-minute tests. Reveal answers question by question.